Foundation

A charitable foundation in Germany is known as a “Stiftung.” Charitable foundations play a crucial role in supporting various social, cultural, educational, and philanthropic causes in the country. Here are some key characteristics and details about charitable foundations in Germany:

1. **Legal Structure**: Charitable foundations in Germany are established as legal entities with their own separate legal personalities. They have formal governance structures and are subject to specific legal regulations.

2. **Purpose**: The primary purpose of a charitable foundation is to serve the public good (gemeinnütziger Zweck). Foundations can have a wide range of missions, including supporting education, scientific research, arts and culture, social welfare, environmental protection, and more. The foundation’s statutes (Stiftungssatzung) must clearly define its charitable objectives.

3. **Endowment**: Charitable foundations in Germany are typically funded through an endowment, which is a pool of assets or capital that generates income. The income generated from the endowment is used to support the foundation’s charitable activities. There is no minimum endowment requirement, but it should be sufficient to achieve the foundation’s goals.

4. **Legal Recognition**: Charitable foundations must be officially recognized as “gemeinnützig” (charitable) by the tax authorities in Germany to enjoy certain tax benefits, including exemption from corporate income tax (Körperschaftssteuer) and reduced or waived trade tax (Gewerbesteuer).

5. **Tax Benefits**: Donations made to recognized charitable foundations in Germany are tax-deductible for the donors. Individuals and businesses can claim deductions on their income tax returns for contributions made to such foundations. A foundation benefits from tax advantages if it exclusively and directly pursues charitable, benevolent or religious purposes. Which purposes are to be included is regulated in §§ 52 to 54 of the German Fiscal Code (Abgabenordnung).

6. **Reporting and Transparency**: Charitable foundations in Germany are subject to strict financial reporting and transparency requirements. They must submit annual financial statements and reports to the tax authorities and may be required to publish certain financial information for public scrutiny.

7. **Governance**: Foundations have governing bodies, which may include a board of directors or a board of trustees, responsible for overseeing the foundation’s activities and ensuring compliance with its charitable mission.

8. **Grants and Funding**: Charitable foundations often provide grants and funding to other non-profit organizations and projects that align with their mission. They play a vital role in supporting various charitable initiatives across Germany.

9. **Legal Flexibility**: Charitable foundations have legal flexibility in determining how they achieve their charitable goals and how they distribute their funds.

10. **Dissolution**: If a charitable foundation decides to dissolve, its remaining assets must be used for charitable purposes and cannot be distributed among individuals or entities.

Charitable foundations in Germany are important vehicles for philanthropy and supporting various social and cultural causes. Establishing and operating a foundation involves complying with specific legal and tax regulations, and it often requires careful planning and management. Legal and financial advisors with expertise in foundation law can provide guidance to those interested in creating or contributing to charitable foundations in Germany.